Northern Europe and Spain 1500 to 1600

Chapter 23 16th Century Art in wedlock Europe and Spain Notes Spain became the dominant power in Europe by the end of the 16th century. After the dissolution of the Burgundian Netherlands in 1477 and its density by France and the Holy Roman Empire (mainly Germany), Spain achieved this through nada marriages, and military exploits. Monarchs increased their ascendence over their subjects and cultivated a stronger sense of cultural and political unity among the populace give the axe the foundation for the modern nation. The Reformation overshadowed all these political events. The forcible composition of Protestantism prompted the Catholic church buildings response, The take Reformation. The Reformation had its grow in the long term dissatisfaction with church leadership. This created a heavy(p) obstacle for those who desire meaningful faith. There was the erudition that the popes were aft(prenominal) only worldly gain and not salvation. The popes and cardinals came from wealthy families such(prenominal) as the Medici. Spiritual corruption was rampant, not only on the highest levels, but also on the lower levels. People sought-after(a) new ways to invigorate their religious commitment and jut salvation.

In the 15th century these attempts included pilgrimages, joining confraternities and orders, and theatrical artworks, such as Books of Hours, rosaries, prints and paintings as visual aids in private devotions. The most outspoken critic to papal agency was German theologian Martin Luther (1483-1546). He sparked the Reformation with his posting of his ninety-five Theses on the church servi! ce in Wittenberg in 1517. The Ninety-Five Theses enumerated his objections to Church practices, especially the sale of indulgences. Indulgences were reductions in time spent in Purgatory. The sale of such suggested that people were buying their way into Heaven. Luthers goal was significant reform and clarification of major weird issues, but these ideas led to a split in Christendom. Luther...If you part to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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